machine-design

Learn what gland packing (gland seal) is, how it works, and where it's used in chemical plants. A clear guide to sealing mechanisms, cooling, and pros/cons vs. mechanical seals.

Understand the 3 main mechanical seal flushing plans—Plan 01, 11, and 32—based on API 682. Learn how they work, when to use them, and what to watch for in chemical plant pump systems.

Compare canned‑rotor and magnetic‑drive seal‑less pumps: how they work, material differences, cooling behavior, and when to choose each type.

Learn the basics of designing a shell-and-tube heat exchanger for chemical plants. This beginner-friendly guide covers material selection, flow velocity, baffle spacing, and more.