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A practical guide to designing drain lines in chemical plants. Learn vertical vs horizontal drains, reducing tee pitfalls, diaphragm valve hold-up, ball-valve pockets, and overlooked causes of liquid accumulation.

Learn how pipe headers simplify piping in batch chemical plants. This beginner’s guide explains what pipe headers are, why they’re used, and basic design tips for efficient chemical processing.

How should contingency be structured in a feasibility study? This article explains escalation rates, engineering design coefficients, Lang factors, and overhead multipliers from an Owner’s Engineer perspective to build realistic cost buffers in chemical plant projects.

Learn the difference between stud bolts and machine bolts for flanges. A simple guide for beginners in piping or plant design.

Confused about L-Type vs. J-Type anchor bolts? Learn the key differences, safety risks, and why L-Type bolts are often the better choice in industrial construction.

Learn how gland packing prevents valve leakage, its types, selection criteria, and maintenance tips to ensure safe and efficient plant operations.